This monograph is the first part of a two-year study of Egyptian Islamism funded by the Smith Richardson Foundation. The study is divided into two parts. The second part examines the internal dynamics of Islamism in terms of the interrelationship among its various constituent currents and their disagreements on key theological and political questions.

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Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth speaks during a news conference at the Pentagon on June 22, 2025. (Andrew Harnik via Getty Images)