Center on Europe and Eurasia

A worker carries out daily tasks at a gas facility on February 28, 2025, in Velke Kapusany, Slovakia. (Getty Images)

The European Union flag is displayed at U-Power Stadium in Monza, Italy, on September 27, 2025. (Getty Images)

National ammunitions designed for F-35 warplanes by TUBITAK Defense Industries Research and Development Institute are displayed during the inauguration ceremony for National Technology Development Infrastructures in Ankara, Turkey, on October 31, 2018. (Getty Images)

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, and US President Donald Trump shake hands during a trilateral signing ceremony in the State Dining Room of the White House on August 8, 2025. (Getty Images)

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy speaks to journalists and answers questions in Kyiv on September 27, 2025. (Getty Images)

(Screenshot via Foreign Relations Committee)

President Donald Trump speaks during the United Nations General Assembly on September 23, 2025, in New York City. (Getty Images)

(Screenshot via YouTube)

US soldiers perform refuel an Apache helicopter while it runs during the Saber Junction 25 exercise at Joint Multinational Readiness Center’s Hohenfels Training Area in Germany on September 9, 2025. (US Army National Guard photo)

King Charles III and President Donald Trump inspect the honor guard at Windsor Castle on September 17, 2025, in Windsor, England. (Getty Images)

(School of War)

President Donald Trump speaks during a September 11 observance event in the courtyard of the Pentagon on September 11, 2025. (Getty Images)