Several years into the financial slowdown that has reshaped the global economy, it is clear that private financial flows have proved their staying power in terms of international assistance.
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Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan, Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, and Indonesia's Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka during the G20 Leaders' Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, on November 22, 2025. (Getty Images)