Aparna Pande appears on the Takshashila Institution podcast to discuss the determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy and its quest to become a swing state in a conversation with Pranay Kotasthane. She also discusses the changing Afghanistan–Pakistan equation and the need for India to consider low-visibility functional cooperation with its western neighbor.
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Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan, Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, and Indonesia's Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka during the G20 Leaders' Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, on November 22, 2025. (Getty Images)