Current Trends in Islamist Ideology

Iraqi Sunni Muslim worshippers attend Friday prayer at the Dawla mosque in the city of Ramadi, February 5, 2016 (MOADH AL-DULAIMI/AFP/Getty Images)

Osama bin Laden at Al-Qaeda training camp, June 19, 2001 (AFP/Getty Images)

Soeharto announces his resignation, May 20, 1998 (Patrick AVENTURIER/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)

Muslim Brotherhood supporters carry portraits of ousted president Mohamed Morsi outisde Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque in Cairo, July 26, 2013 (MOHAMED EL-SHAHED/AFP/Getty Images)

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan holds a press conference in Istanbul after the AKP victory in the Turkish elections, November 3, 2002 (Staton R. Winter/Getty Images)

Hafiz Saeed, the Pakistani leader of Jamaat-ud-Dawa, speaks to the press after being placed under 'preventative detention' by Pakistan, January 31, 2017 (ARIF ALI/AFP/Getty Images)

SIMI operatives led to court in Bhopal, India, May 13, 2014 (Praveen Bajpai/Hindustan Times via Getty Images)

MSP leader Abderrazak Mokri calls for a boycott of the presidential election, January 31, 2014 (Bachir Zemouri/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)

Members of the Iraqi Hashed al-Shaabi (Popular Mobilization) paramilitary forces southwest of Mosul, April 28, 2017 (AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images)

Map Of The Umayyad Caliphate Empire In 750 And The Islamic Empire In 1215. (Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)