This study presents evidence about the direct and indirect economic effects of the rural telecommunications industry. The direct effects consider the industry from the perspective of national income accounting (the approach used to calculate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measure). The indirect economic effects are not measured in income accounting.
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Cover: Edited version of US Air Force, US Navy, and US Marine Corps aircraft along with US Army Patriot missile batteries line up on the runway for an elephant walk during a routine operational readiness exercise at Kadena Air Base in Japan on May 6, 2025. (US Air Force)