When the sun rose on Lake Geneva this morning, major obstacles remained, such as disagreements over the monitoring of enrichment research and the pace of lifting sanctions. But the return of the Russian foreign minister to the talks raised hopes of what would not yet be a final deal but nonetheless an historic breakthrough. At the end of the day, can a deal stop Iran from getting the bomb? What knock-on effect can we expect?
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Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan, Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, and Indonesia's Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka during the G20 Leaders' Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, on November 22, 2025. (Getty Images)