The election in May 2014 of a new government in India raised expectations around the world of the likelihood of far-reaching changes in India's economic and foreign policy orientation. This report examines both the promises and the concrete steps taken by Narendra Modi's government in the areas of: defense, education, energy, healthcare, innovation & IPR, labor, trade and investment.

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President Donald Trump shakes hands with President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen as he announces a trade deal with the EU at Trump Turnberry golf club on July 27, 2025, in Turnberry, Scotland. (Andrew Harnik via Getty Images)