Current Trends in Islamist Ideology

An armed gendarme stands guard at Strasbourg's Christmas market, on its reopening day, on December 14, 2018, one day after French police shot dead the gunman who killed three people there. (PATRICK HERTZOG/AFP/Getty Images)

Necmettin Erbakan speaking in Turkey in 1980 (Ergun CAGATAY/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)

An abandoned Milli Muslim League office in Lahore, April 3, 2018 (ARIF ALI/AFP/Getty Images)

Iraqi Sunni Muslim worshippers attend Friday prayer at the Dawla mosque in the city of Ramadi, February 5, 2016 (MOADH AL-DULAIMI/AFP/Getty Images)

Osama bin Laden at Al-Qaeda training camp, June 19, 2001 (AFP/Getty Images)

Soeharto announces his resignation, May 20, 1998 (Patrick AVENTURIER/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)

Muslim Brotherhood supporters carry portraits of ousted president Mohamed Morsi outisde Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque in Cairo, July 26, 2013 (MOHAMED EL-SHAHED/AFP/Getty Images)

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan holds a press conference in Istanbul after the AKP victory in the Turkish elections, November 3, 2002 (Staton R. Winter/Getty Images)

Hafiz Saeed, the Pakistani leader of Jamaat-ud-Dawa, speaks to the press after being placed under 'preventative detention' by Pakistan, January 31, 2017 (ARIF ALI/AFP/Getty Images)

SIMI operatives led to court in Bhopal, India, May 13, 2014 (Praveen Bajpai/Hindustan Times via Getty Images)