On BBC World Service, Peter Rough spoke with Julian Worricker about his analysis of this year’s North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit. Rough expects the public meetings to focus on the defense industrial base and the transatlantic partnership. In private, he says discussions are likely to center on Ukraine. Rough also discusses the United States’ commitment to Article 5 and the Trump administration’s push for greater burden sharing among NATO allies.
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Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan, Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, and Indonesia's Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka during the G20 Leaders' Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, on November 22, 2025. (Getty Images)