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Chinese People's Liberation Army honour guard members march during a welcoming ceremony at the Great Hall of the People on November 12, 2025, in Beijing, China. (Getty Images)
Africa
Africa
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Nigerian soldiers load small arms and light weapons recovered from bandits during Operation Safe Haven on a military truck on April 21, 2022 in Plateau State in northcentral Nigeria. (Photo by Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP via Getty Images)
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A woman walks among baskets full of tomatoes vandalized after deadly ethnic clashes between the northern Fulani and southern Yoruba traders at Shasha Market in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, on February 15, 2021. (Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP via Getty Images)
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Niger Army armed forces patrol during a visit of Niger's Interior Minister to a camp for displaced populations near Diffa on June 16, 2016 following attacks by Boko Haram fighters in the region. (Issouf Sanogo/AFP via Getty Images)
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Tanzanite bridge in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on March 24, 2022. (Photo by Herman Emmanuel/Xinhua via Getty Images)
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Catholics pray during Sunday mass at Holy Family Minor Basilica in Nairobi, Kenya on March 22, 2020. (Photo by LUIS TATO/AFP via Getty Images)
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Bandits in Birnin Magaji, Zamfara state. (James Barnett)
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U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken gives a speech on U.S. Africa Policy at the Economic Community of West African States in Abuja, Nigeria, on November 19, 2021. (Photo by ANDREW HARNIK/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)
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Members of the Yansakai vigilante group lay their weapons on the floor in Gusau, on December 3, 2019. (Photo by Kola Sulaimon / AFP via Getty Images)
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Libyan protesters gather outside the offices of Muslim Brotherhood-backed Party of Justice and Construction, in the Libyan capital Tripoli on July 27, 2013 (MAHMUD TURKIA/AFP via Getty Images)
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Nigerian soldiers patrol on October 12, 2019, after gunmen suspected of belonging to the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) group raided the village of Tungushe, killing a soldier and three residents. (Photo by AFP via Getty Images)
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December 11, 2019 Nigerian refugee women at the growing Awaridi refugee settlement now home to 9,000 plus mostly northern Nigerians who fled Boko Haram violence over the past few years. (Photo by Giles Clarke/Getty Images)
Experts
James Barnett
Research Fellow
Garrett Exner
Adjunct Fellow
Joshua Meservey
Senior Fellow
Zineb Riboua
Research Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
