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Iranian workers walk past a destroyed residential building due to Israeli attacks in Tehran, Iran, on June 13, 2025. (Morteza Nikoubazl via Getty Images)
Africa
Africa
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Notre Dame of Africa church in Algeria. (Photo by Dukas/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
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The black flags of “Boko Haram” are still visible on this building (pictured August 2021), which “Boko Haram” used as a prison and execution grounds during its occupation of Gwoza town in Borno state from 2014 to 2015. (James Barnett)
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Nigerian soldiers load small arms and light weapons recovered from bandits during Operation Safe Haven on a military truck on April 21, 2022 in Plateau State in northcentral Nigeria. (Photo by Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP via Getty Images)
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A woman walks among baskets full of tomatoes vandalized after deadly ethnic clashes between the northern Fulani and southern Yoruba traders at Shasha Market in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, on February 15, 2021. (Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP via Getty Images)
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Niger Army armed forces patrol during a visit of Niger's Interior Minister to a camp for displaced populations near Diffa on June 16, 2016 following attacks by Boko Haram fighters in the region. (Issouf Sanogo/AFP via Getty Images)
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Tanzanite bridge in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on March 24, 2022. (Photo by Herman Emmanuel/Xinhua via Getty Images)
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Catholics pray during Sunday mass at Holy Family Minor Basilica in Nairobi, Kenya on March 22, 2020. (Photo by LUIS TATO/AFP via Getty Images)
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Bandits in Birnin Magaji, Zamfara state. (James Barnett)
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U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken gives a speech on U.S. Africa Policy at the Economic Community of West African States in Abuja, Nigeria, on November 19, 2021. (Photo by ANDREW HARNIK/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)
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Members of the Yansakai vigilante group lay their weapons on the floor in Gusau, on December 3, 2019. (Photo by Kola Sulaimon / AFP via Getty Images)
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Nigerian soldiers patrol on October 12, 2019, after gunmen suspected of belonging to the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) group raided the village of Tungushe, killing a soldier and three residents. (Photo by AFP via Getty Images)
Experts
James Barnett
Research Fellow
Joshua Meservey
Senior Fellow
Zineb Riboua
Research Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
