Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East

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Members of the US delegation applaud as US President Donald Trump addresses leaders in Riyadh on May 14, 2025. (Brendan Smialowski via Getty Images)

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President Barack Obama holds a copy of the Iran nuclear agreement presented to him by House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi during the House Democratic Issues Conference on January 28, 2016, in Baltimore, Maryland. (Brendan Smialowski via Getty Images)

Nigerien Foreign Minister Bakary Yaou Sangaré, Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Burkinabe Foreign Minister Karamoko Jean-Marie Traoré attend a joint press conference following a meeting with foreign ministers of the Confederation of Sahel States in Moscow on April 3, 2025. (Pavel Bednyakov via Getty Images)

State officials led by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visit Anıtkabir to mark Republic Day on October 29, 2024, in Ankara, Turkey. (Getty Images)

Brahim Ghali, president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) salutes the SADR flag on January 13, 2023. (Getty Images)

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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Syrian President Ahmed al-Shara meet during the fourth edition of the Antalya Diplomacy Forum in Antalya, Türkiye, on April 11, 2025. (Turkish Presidency via Getty Images)