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Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
Thomas F. Madden is chair of the department of history at Saint Louis University. His most recent book is A Concise History of the Crusades (Rowman an
Thomas F. Madden is chair of the department of history at Saint Louis University. His most recent book is A Concise History of the Crusades (Rowman and Littlefield, 1999).
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