Arms Control and Nonproliferation

Military vehicles carrying DF-17 missiles participate in a military parade in Tiananmen Square in Beijing on October 1, 2019, to mark the seventieth anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. (Greg Baker/AFP via Getty Images)

The Ohio-class ballistic-missile submarine USS Alaska returns to its homeport at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay in Georgia on November 14, 2018. (DVIDS)

Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei speaks as part of the forty-fourth anniversary events of the Iranian Revolution in Tehran, Iran on February 8, 2023. (Iranian Leader Press Office/Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

Vladimir Putin. (Kremlin)

Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China Li Zhanshu at the Eastern Economic Forum in Primorye, Russia, on September 7, 2022, on the heels of the Vostok 2022 joint military exercises between Russia and China. (TASS)

The B-21 Raider at a public unveiling ceremony on December 2, 2022, in Palmdale, California. (US Air Force)

A US Air Force B-1B long-range bomber and F-16 fighter jet fly over the Canadian Arctic during North American Aerospace Defense Command’s Arctic air defense exercise, "Amalgam Dart 21-2" on March 24, 2021. (US Air Force)

The Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Louisiana transits Puget Sound following a 41-month engineered refueling overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility on February 9, 2023. (US Navy photo by Brian G. Reynolds)

Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev after signing the New START treaty in Prague on April 8, 2010. (Wikimedia Commons)

(Screenshot via CNN)

A Chinese DF-31A ICBM. (People's Liberation Army)

A Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) poster displaying North Korean nuclear tests on February 12, 2013, at the CTBTO headquarters in Vienna, Austria. (Dieter Nagl/AFP via Getty Images)