Arms Control and Nonproliferation

Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China Li Zhanshu at the Eastern Economic Forum in Primorye, Russia, on September 7, 2022, on the heels of the Vostok 2022 joint military exercises between Russia and China. (TASS)

The B-21 Raider at a public unveiling ceremony on December 2, 2022, in Palmdale, California. (US Air Force)

A US Air Force B-1B long-range bomber and F-16 fighter jet fly over the Canadian Arctic during North American Aerospace Defense Command’s Arctic air defense exercise, "Amalgam Dart 21-2" on March 24, 2021. (US Air Force)

The Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Louisiana transits Puget Sound following a 41-month engineered refueling overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility on February 9, 2023. (US Navy photo by Brian G. Reynolds)

Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev after signing the New START treaty in Prague on April 8, 2010. (Wikimedia Commons)

(Screenshot via CNN)

A Chinese DF-31A ICBM. (People's Liberation Army)

A Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) poster displaying North Korean nuclear tests on February 12, 2013, at the CTBTO headquarters in Vienna, Austria. (Dieter Nagl/AFP via Getty Images)

(Screenshot via VOA Korea)

A formation of Dongfeng-41 nuclear missiles in a military parade celebrating the seventieth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in Beijing, China, October 1, 2019. (Photo by Xia Yifang/Xinhua via Getty Images)

Senior Airman Andrew Parrish performs maintenance on the forward section of an ICBM's reentry system on February 2, 2018, at the F. E. Warren Air Force Base missile complex in Wyoming. (Braydon Williams via DVIDS)

A Russian RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile during Victory Day parade rehearsals on May 7, 2022, in Moscow, Russia. (Contributor/Getty Images)